Study 38 terms american imperialism flashcards quizlet. Religion and empire is an innovative and provocative study of the two largest states of the precolumbian americas, the aztec and inca empires. How was free trade related to the expansion of european influence around the globe. Draft chapter from political warfare training manual. Ross hassig, in his book aztec warfare imperial expansion and political control, brings a fascinating, refreshing approach to the subject of warfare and expansion in the aztec empire.
Yet, it is seldom accorded any serious attention by our academics, media commentators, and political leaders. European nations shifted away from colonialism towards imperialism because they. Postwar treaties ottoman empire middle east by leonard v. Stay connected to your students with prezi video, now in microsoft teams. Irans asymmetric naval warfare fariborz haghshenass the washington institute for near east policy 3 islands, together with four other iranian islands lesser tunb, abu musa, bani forur, and sirri, are particularly important because they lie near the route that all vessels entering or leaving the gulf use. Expansion of a states control over territories and peoples beyond its borders is. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. In exploring the pattern and methods of aztec expansion, ross hassig focuses on political and economic factors. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Because they lacked numerical superiority, faced logistical problems presented by the terrain, and competed with agriculture for manpower, the aztecs relied as much on threats and the image of power as on military might to subdue enemies and hold them in their orbit.
Ross hassig, a historical anthropologist specializing in mesoamerica, is the author of time, history, and belief in aztec and colonial mexico. They demonstrate that in both examples among the critical elements in the transition from. When an imperial power allowed a territory to remain technically independent, with local rulers remaining in control, the territory was called a protectorate true or false. Skims over the preimperial period and may be a bit more dense than some might enjoy. How is the industrial revolution linked to imperialism. Imperial expansion and political control civilization of american indian s. It is paradoxical that the coming of mighty engines of war that literally extend war out of this world and threaten violence measured in megadeaths should, in fact, lend strength to the resurgence of a kind of hostilities marked by poisoned bamboo spears, bazooka ambushes and civil war. The contributions of warfare with revolutionary and. Economic warfare also includes the use of economic means to compel an adversary to change its policies or behaviour or to. Colonies exist to profit and enrich the imperial power. European imperial interests shifted geographically as a result of economic and political motives. Economic history department, london school of economics and political science, houghton street, london, wc2a 2ae, london, uk.
Two unrelated developments have fused to produce a true revolution in warfare. A common ground for liberal and communist activists alike for quite some time has been in opposition to the socalled military industrial complex mic and the bloated military budget. Traditional instruments and techniques cambridge, usa. Many military scholars have identified operation desert storm as. The authoritative book on warfare and the expansion of the aztecs in postclassic mexico. Imperialism has been the most powerful force in world history over the last four or five centuries, carving up whole continents while oppressing indigenous peoples and obliterating entire civilizations. Imperialism is caused by the five motives of religion, economy, exploration, ethnocentricity and politics. One school has stressed political motives, emphasizing such aspects as international rivalries, naval strategy, the instability of imperial frontiers, the diversion of popular attention from domestic problems, and the influence of pressure groups on politicians. The first 50odd pages detail the sociopolitical organization of mesoamerica in the th and 14th centuries, as well as the military organization and the various types of warfare practiced ie. Steamboats and railroads made europeans more capable of projecting power to farflung colonies, which permitted the european powers to control larger areas. Imperial expansion and political control the civilization of the american indian series 1st edition by hassig.
Imperial expansion and political control volume 188 the civilization of the american indian series 9780806127736. European improvements in weapons made unindustrialized nations easier to defeat in battle. Aug 23, 2011 the question of antiimperialism has been much debated on the revolutionary leftparticularly during most of the twentieth century. The sixteenthcentury political economy of the valley of mexico. The industrial revolution, which brought increased production and trade to europe, played a significant role in setting the stage for conflict. Violent independence protests in colonized nations spread to the european continent. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. European nations shifted away from colonialism towards imperialism because they saw the economic benefits associated with imperialism.
Germanys attempts to defend newly independent nations sparked conflict in europe. Prior to world war i, economic imperialism was rampant. The third part concentrates on the classical field of. The second part deals with economic rivalries, showing that financial imperialism was not identical with formal political expansion. Imperialism international encyclopedia of the first.
The first is highly accurate and extremely powerful weapons. A traditional view of late aztec society is that of a military juggernaut rolling forward over the bodies of its victims, bent on a course of fearsome. A fulllength study of the warfare between england and scotland in the mid fourteenth century. A corrective to the firstworld antiwar movement anti. The main advantages of imperialism, however, are economic. An examination of the aztec empire in terms of its own goals and objectives. Economic warfare, the use of, or the threat to use, economic means against a country in order to weaken its economy and thereby reduce its political and military power. The first part of the book details the political bases of warfare, arms, military life cycle, and specific aspects such as mobilization, logistics, and combat. Mar 18, 2015 the aztecs engaged in warfare yaoyotl to acquire territory, resources, quash rebellions, and to collect sacrificial victims to honour their gods. The origins of the civilization, brutal cultural organization, and military conquest by spaniards. Prisoners of war 7 a precepts of political warfare 11. The book is illustrated with many figures depicting the elaborate costumes, weaponry and symbolism of the aztec empire. Irans asymmetric naval warfare fariborz haghshenass the washington institute for near east policy 3 islands, together with four other iranian islands lesser tunb, abu musa, bani forur, and sirri, are particularly important because they lie near the route that all vessels entering or.
Political warfare directed against the enemy and allies. Smith in peacemaking in the former ottoman empire, a discrepancy developed between the discursive power of the paris peace conference to make treaties, and the material power to determine the situation on the ground. More recently, the question of imperialism has emerged once againin regard to the wars in iraq and afghanistan, but more particularly in how the left should approach a popular struggle within a nation whose state perceives itself as a bastion against. The contents were agreed with the intended manual covering such topics as the history of political warfare and the formation of pwe. Electronic warfare, which is the use of electromagnetic energy and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy, is essential for protection of friendly operations and denying adversary operations within the electromagnetic spectrum throughout the operational environment. A military presence is often stationed in the colony, to control native inhabitants, to deal with uprisings and to deter imperial rivals. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. Military alliances between imperialist nations encouraged violent conflict. Still, its an essential text to for anyone looking to be an aztec military buff.
The meaning, techniques and methods of political warfare contents page page i. Skims over the pre imperial period and may be a bit more dense than some might enjoy. Warfare was a fundamental part of aztec culture with all males expected to actively participate and battle, referred to in nahuatl poetry as the song of shields, was regarded as a perpetual religious and political necessity. Victoria tinbor hui, war and state formation in ancient china and early. Then the decades between the middle of the 19th century and world war i. Imperial expansion and political control the civilization of the american indian series 1st edition by hassig, ross 1995 paperback on. Hassigs book is an excellent presentation of the history of the aztec conquest of central mexico, an amazing story of rags to riches.
This approach differs from traditional views that present aztec warfare as an ideological imperative and a ritualistic endeavor. The question of antiimperialism has been much debated on the revolutionary leftparticularly during most of the twentieth century. The meaning, techniques and methods of political warfare. Aztec warriors were able to dominate their neighbouring states and permit rulers such as motecuhzoma ii to impose aztec ideals and religion across mexico.
Unfortunately, operation desert storm would reveal the existence of a new kind of threat and a new type of warfare which we have come to know as information warfare iw. However, on this common ground we must as in all shared political space conduct a ruthless ideological struggle that will ultimately decide the direction of the. The aztec peoples included different ethnic groups of central mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries. The first 50odd pages detail the socio political organization of mesoamerica in the th and 14th centuries, as well as the military organization and the various types of warfare practiced ie. Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade to establish large empires in both hemispheres. Highly accomplished in agriculture and trade, the last of the great mesoamerican civilizations was also noted for its. In exploring the pattern and methods of aztec expansion, this work acknowledges the religious motivation behind aztec conquest but focuses more sharply on political and economic factors. Unconventional warfare in communist strategy foreign affairs. Unconventional warfare has become all too conventional, even if it is not yet adequately understood. The long endurance multiintelligence vehicle lemv flies at 20,000 feet and delivers a 2,000 mile radius of action.
Aztec warfare concerns the aspects associated with the militaristic conventions, forces, weaponry and strategic expansions conducted by the late postclassic aztec civilizations of mesoamerica, including particularly the military history of the aztec triple alliance involving the citystates of tenochtitlan, texcoco, tlacopan and other allied polities of the central mexican region. This article focuses on the extent to which imperialism contributed to the outbreak of the first world war. A considerable debate has focused around the causes of the new imperialism of the late nineteenth century. Imperialism, state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and. In exploring the pattern and methods of aztec expansion, ross hassig f.
In the autumn of 1943 the political warfare executive initiated the compilation of a political warfare training manual. It equals in drama the rise of rome from an insignificant rural town and the rise of. The industrial revolution also made europeans more capable of conquering large parts of the world. Colonial governments are operated by the imperial nation or a subordinate puppet regime. Electronic warfare, which is the use of electromagnetic energy and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy, is essential for protection of friendly operations and denying adversary operations within the electromagnetic. Guns transformed armies and warfare, but they didnt transform the state itself. By examining the causes of the formation and expansion of these two empires, the authors identify similar patterns and processes underlying their rise and decline. Near the end of the previous period 6001450 the ming overthrew mongol rule and set up a new chinese. Image courtesy of northrop grumman and hybrid air vehicles. The first part describes the emergence of specific imperialist cultures and attitudes in europe.